Bibliographie

 

Avertissement. La bibliographie ci-dessous ne prétend à nulle exhaustivité, tant le domaine est foisonnant. Elle vise uniquement à illustrer la prolifération et la diversité des recherches sur les questions de la production et de la consommation d’information sur Internet, en particulier aux Etats-Unis. La citation des recherches dans cette bibliographie ne signifie pas nécessairement pas leur approbation par l’auteur.

 

AIELLO  LM and BARBIERI, N., “ Evolution of ego-networks in social media with link recommendations”. in Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. ACM; 2017. p. 111–120.

AKINA, « Soldats numériques #1 Akina reçoit Fils de Pangolin »,  Chaîne Odysée d’Akina, Odysée, 21 janvier 2021.

 

AL NASHMII, Eisa et alii, “‘Boots on the Ground?’: How international news channels incorporate user-generated content into their YouTube presence”, International Communication Gazette, May, 19, 2017.

AL NASHMI, Eisa et alii, “Promoting a global brand: a study of international news organisations’ YouTube channels”, The Journal of International Communication, Vol. 23, N°2, 2017, pp. 165–185

AL-RAWI, Ahmed, Islam on YouTube, Palgrave MacMillan, 2017.

ALBERTINI Dominique et DOUCET, David, La Fachosphère : Comment l'extrême droite remporte la bataille du net, Flammarion, 2016.

ALEJANDRO, Jennifer. “Journalism in the age of social media”. Reuters Institute fellowship paper, 4, 2010.

ALLAN, Stuart, Online News: Journalism and the Internet, Open University Press, Buckingham, 2006

ALLEN J. et alii, “Evaluating the fake news problem at the scale of the information ecosystem”. Science Advances, 6(14), 2020.

ALSHAMRANI Sultan et allii, “Investigating Online Toxicity in Users Interactions with the Mainstream Media Channels on YouTube”, in Proceedings of International Workshop on Mining Actionable Insights from Social Networks, 20-Oct-2020, published at http://ceur-ws.org

ANDERSON, C.W. “Between Creative and Quantified Audiences: Web Metrics and Changing Patterns of Newswork in Local US Newsrooms.”, Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 2011,   12 (5): 550–566

ARRESE, Angel and KAUFMANN Jürg, « Legacy and Native News Brands Online: Do They Show Different News Consumption Patterns?”, International Journal on Media Management, Volume 18, Issue 2, 2016

AUDINET Maxime, Le réseau Russia Today (RT) : un média d’influence au service de l’Etat russe, INA, 2021.

AUDUREAU, William « ‘Si rien ne se passe, on va passer pour des cons’ : comment une chaîne complotiste QAnon a vécu l’investiture de Joe Biden », lemonde.fr, 21 janvier 2021

BAIL, Cristopher A. et alii, “Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(37), 2018, pp. 9216–9221

BAIL Christopher A., et alii., “Assessing the Russian Internet Research Agency's impact on the political attitudes and behaviors of American Twitter users in late 2017”, Proceedings of the National  Academy of Sciences, 117, 2020, pp. 243-250

BAIL Christopher, Breaking the Social Media Prism. Princeton University Press, 2021.

BAIOCCHI, Marcela C. et FOREST, Dominic, « L'usager comme autorité cognitive. Perspectives théoriques sur les systèmes de recommandation », Les cahiers du numérique, 2014/1, vol. 10, pp. 127-157.

BARBERA Pablo, « How Social Media Reduces Mass Political Polarization . Evidence from Germany, Spain, and the U.S. », Job Market Paper, New York University, 2014

BARBERA Pablo et alii, “Tweeting from left to right: Is online political communication more than an echo chamber?”, Psychological science, 26(10), 2015, pp. 1531–1542

BARTHEL, M. et allii., “Measuring News Consumption in a Digital Era”, Pew Research Center, December 8, 2020.

BARTLET Jamie, The People vs Tech How the internet is killing democracy (and how we save it), Ebury Press, 2018 ; L'homme ou la machine ? comment Internet tue la démocratie, De Boeck, 2019.

BAKSHY E., “Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook”,  Science, vol. 348, n. 6239, 2015, pp.1130-1132.

BEAM Michael A., “Facebook news and (de)polarization: reinforcing spirals in the 2016 US election, Information”, Communication & Society, 21:7, 2018, pp. 940-958

BELAIR-GAGNON, Valerie, Social Media at BBC News. The Re-Making of Crisis Reporting, Routledge, 2015.

BENAISSA PEDRIZA, Samia, “Sources, Channels and Strategies of Disinformation in the 2020 US Election: Social Networks, Traditional Media and Political Candidates”, Journalism and Media, 2, 2021, pp. 605-624.

BENBOUZID, Bilet et GUERINS Hervé, « Les multiples agendas médiatiques des Gilets jaunes sur YouTube Exploration d’un corpus de vidéos avec les topics models », Statistique et société, 28 septembre 2021.

BENKLER Yochai et alii, Network propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American politics, Oxford University Press, 2018

BENNETT, W. Lanve and IYENGHAR Shanto, “A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication”, Journal of Communication, 29 December 2008.

BERRICHE Manon et alii, « Consentir et critiquer. Les réactions sur Twitter face à la crise de la Covid-19 en France », Le Monde d’aujourd’hui, 2020, pp. 223-240.

BESSI, Alessandro et alii,  « Users Polarization on Facebook and Youtube », PLoS One, 11 (2016), 23 August 2016

BEUSCART, Jean-Samuel et FLICHY Patrice (dir.), Les activités menées sur les plateformes numériques – II, Réseaux, 2019/1

BLAYA Catherine, Cyberhaine, Nouveau monde, 2019

BLIUC, Ana Maria et alii, “’You wouldn’t celebrate September 11’: Testing online polarisation between opposing ideological camps on YouTube’, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, September 30, 2020

BOBBA, G., “Social media populism: Features and ‘likeability’ of Lega Nord communication on Facebook”,. European Political Science, 18(1), 2019, pp. 11–23

BOCKZOWSKI Pablo et alii,, “Incidental news: how young people consume news on social media”. in Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii international conference on system sciences, Waikola, HI, 4–7 January, University of Hawaii, 2017,  pp. 1785–1792. 

BOCZKOWSKI Pablo .J. and PAPACHARISSI Zizi (eds.), Trump and the Media,  Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, 2018

BOSETTA, M. « The digital architectures of social media: Comparing political campaigning on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat in the 2016 U.S. election », Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95 (2), 2018, pp. 471-496,

BOURON Samuel, “Des ‘fachos’ dans les rues aux ‘héros’ sur le web. La formation des militants identitaires », Réseaux,  2017, Vol.202-203 (2), p.187-211

BOURSIER Tristan, “White Supremacism on YouTube: How to Rewrite History from aRacist Point of View in, KAISSET Kaiser et alii (eds.), Temporalities of Diversity / Temporalités de la diversité / Zeitlichkeiten der Vielfalt  Waxmann, 2022..

BOYADJIAN Julien, « Les usages politiques différenciés de Twitter. Esquisse d’une typologie des « twittos politiques », Politiques de communication, 2016/1 (N° 6), pp. 31-58

BOYADJIAN Julien, OLIVESI Aurélie, VELCIN Julien « Le web politique au prisme de la science des données. Des croisements disciplinaires aux renouvellements épistémologiques » in Le Web politique au prisme de la science des données, Réseaux, 2017/14, pp.9-31.

BOYD, Danah M., and ELLISON Nicole B., “Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship “, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Volume 13, Issue 1, 1 October 2007, Pages 210–230,

BOWYER, B.T. et alii, « Youth comprehension of political messages in YouTube videos », New Media & Society, 19 (4), 2017, pp. 522-541

BOZDAG, Engin and VAN DEN HOEVEN, Jeroen, “Breaking the filter bubble: democracy and design”, Ethics and Information Technology,  volume 17, 2015, pp. 249–265

BROOKER, Philip et alii, « Doing social media analytics »,  Big Data and Society, July, 8,  2016

BRUNS A.. Are filter bubbles real?. John Wiley & Sons, 2019.

BURGESS Jean and GREEN Joshua, YouTube. Online Video and Participatory Culture, Polity 2009 ; second edition, Polity, 2018.

CABRERA BLAZQUEZ, Francisco Javier et alii, Le cadre juridique relatif aux plateformes de partage de vidéos, IRIS Plus 2018-1, Observatoire européen de l’audiovisuel

CACCIATORE M.A., et alii,  « Is Facebook making us dumber? Exploring social media use as a predictor of political knowledge”, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95 (2), 2018, pp. 404-424,

CAIANI, Manuela and PARENTI Linda, European and American Extreme Right Groups and the Internet, Routledge, 2013.

CAIANI, Manuela and KRÖLL, Patricia, “The transnationalization of the extreme right and the use of the Internet”, International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, Volume 39, 2015 - Issue 4: New directions in terrorism research, pp.331-351.

CARDON, Dominique, La démocratie Internet. Promesses et limites, Seuil, 2010

CARLSON, Matt, “Confronting Measurable Journalism”, Digital Journalism, Volume 6, 2018 , pp. 406-417

CARLSON Matt et alii, “Digital Press Criticism: The Symbolic Dimensions of Donald Trump’s Assault on U.S. Journalists as the “Enemy of the People”, Digital Journalism, Volume 9, 2021 - Issue 6, pp.737-754

CHA, Meeyoung et alii, “Analyzing the video popularity characteristics of large-scale user generated content systems”, in  IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Volume: 17, Issue: 5, Oct. 2009.

CHARON Jean-Marie, Les journalistes et leur public : le grand malentendu, Vuibert / INA, 2007

CHAVALARIAS D. et alii, « Hostilité et prosélytisme des communautés politiques »,  Réseaux n° 214-215, 2019, pp. 67–107.

CHERUBINI Federica and NIELSEN, Raismus Kleis, “Editorial Analytics: How News Media are Developing and Using Audience Data and Metrics”, SSRN, February 23, 2016

CHRISTIN, Angèle, “Counting Clicks: Quantification and Variation in Web Journalism in the United States and France”, American Journal of Sociology, Volume 123, Number 5, March 2018

CHU Zi et alii, « Who is tweeting on Twitter: human, bot, or cyborg? », ACSAC '10: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, December 2010, pp. 21–30

CLARK, Jessica and VAN SLYKE Tracy, Beyond the Echo Chamber: Reshaping Politics Through Networked Progressive Media, The New Press, 2010.

COHEN Adi, “If YouTube’s algorithm was an Editor, Trump Campaign Would Hire Them”, Israel Public Policy Institute, December 17, 2020

COINTET Jean-Philippe et PARASIE, Sylvain (dir.), Enquêter à partir des traces textuelles du web, Réseaux 2019/2-3 (n° 214-215)

COINTET Jean-Philippe et alii, “Uncovering the structure of the French media ecosystem”, MediaLab Science Po, August 2021.

COINTET Jean-Philippe et alii, « De quelle(s) couleur(s) sont les Gilets jaunes ? Plonger des posts Facebook dans un espace idéologique latent », Statistique et Société, Vol. 9 No. 1-2 , 2021, pp.79-107.

COMPAGNO, Dario et alii, « La reconfiguration du pluralisme de l’information opérée par les réseaux socionumériques », Réseaux, 2017/5 (n° 205), pp. 91-116

COMPAGNO Dario et PIGNARD-CHEYNEL, Nathalie, “Le rôle des newsbots et la publication automatisée dans la mise en circulation des contenus d’actualité sur Twitter » in Mercier, 2018

CONOVER M.D. et alii, “Political polarization on twitter”. ICWSM, 133(26), 2011, pp.89–96

COSTERA MEIJET Irene and GROOT KORMELINK , Tim, “Checking, Sharing, Clicking and Linking. Changing patterns of news use between 2004 and 2014”, Digital Journalism, Volume 3, Issue 5, 2015

CROSSET Valentine and alii, “Researching far right groups on Twitter: Methodological challenges 2.0”, New Media & Society, December 19, 2018.

DEL VICARIO M. et alii, “The spreading of misinformation online”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016 Jan 19

DEVITO M.A., « From editors to algorithms: A values-based approach to understanding story selection in the Facebook news feed », Digital Journalism, 5 (6), 2017, pp. 753-773

DIEGUEZ, Sebastian et DELOUVEE Sylvain,  Le complotisme : cognition, culture, société, Mardaga, 2021

DOMINGUEZ LEIVA, Antonio, YouTube Théorie, Editions de ta mère, Gatineau, 2014

DONZZELLI, G. et al., “Misinformation on vaccination: A quantitative analysis of YouTube videos”. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(7), 2018, pp.1654–1659.

DOUYERE David et RICAUD Pascal, « Présentation du dossier ‘Youtube, un espace d’expression politique ?’ », Politiques de communication,  2019/2 (N° 13), pp. 15-30

DOYLE Gillian, Multi-platform media and the miracle of the loaves and fishes, Journal of Media Business Studies, volume 12, 2015, pp. 49-65.

DUBOIS Elizabeth and BLANK Grant “The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diverse media”, Information, Communication & Society, 21:5, 2018, 729-745

DUTCEAC SEGESTEN, Anamaria, “The cueing power of comments on social media: how disagreement in Facebook comments affects user engagement with news”, Information, communication & society, 2020, p.1-20

EBU, EBU PSM Barometer, EBU Media Intelligence Service, 2018.

EBU, Market Insights. Trust in the Media 2021. Public version, EBU, September 2021

EDELMAN, Edelman Trust Barometer 2021, Edelman, 2021

EDELSON J. et alii, « The effect of conspiratorial thinking and motivated reasoning on belief in election fraud”, Political Research Quarterly, 70 (4), 2017, pp. 933-946

ENLI, Gunn, “Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election”, European Journal of Communication, 2017-02, Vol.32 (1), p.50-61

FAN, Weiguo and GORDON Michael D., The Power of Social Media Analytics, Communications of the ACM, June 2014, Vol. 57 No. 6, Pages 74-81

FARCHY Joëlle et alii, « Chaînes publiques de télévision en France et innovation numérique », Les enjeux de l’information et de la communication,  2013/2 (n° 14/2), pp. 161-184

FEEZEL, Jessica T. et alii, “Exploring the effects of algorithm-driven news sources on political behavior and polarization”, Computers in human behavior, 2021-03, Vol.116

FERRARA E. et al., “Characterizing social media manipulation in the 2020 U.S. presidential election”, First Monday, Volume 25, Number 11, 2 November 2020.

FIELITZ Maik and THURSTIN Nick (eds.), Post-Digital Cultures of the Far Right Online Actions and Offline Consequences in Europe and the US, transcript-Verlag, 2019

FIGEAC Julien, et alii., « Facebook favorise-t-il la désinformation et la polarisation idéologique des opinions ? », Questions de communication,  2019/2 (n° 36), pp. 167-187

FINDAHL, Ohle et alii. “Triangulation as a way to validate and deepen the knowledge about user behavior. A comparison between questionnaires, diaries and traffic measurement” in  PATRIARCHE G. et alii (eds.),  Audience Research Methodologies: Between Innovation and Consolidation, Routledge, 2013, pp. 54–69

FINLAYSON Alan,  « YouTube and Political Ideologies: Technology, Populism and Rhetorical Form », Political Studies, July 14, 2020

FLAXMAN Seth et alii, “Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption”, Public Opinion Quarterly 80, 2016, pp. 298–320

FLETCHER Richard and KLEIS NILESEN Rasmus , « Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? A comparative analysis », New Media & Society, Volume: 20 issue: 7, 2017, pp. 2450-2468

FLYNN M., « Lieutenant General Michael T. Flynn », Chaîne Youtube de la Young America’s Foundation, 14 November 2016

FONTAINE Gilles et alii, Le partage de vidéos en ligne : offres, audiences, économie, Observatoire européen de l’audiovisuel, 2018.

FRANKLIN Bob and SCOTT A. Eldridge II, The Routledge companion to digital journalism studies, Routledge, 2017

FRATELLA Dany, « YouTube addresses inflated view count phenomenon”, Social Blade Blog, January 20 2017

GADE Peter and RAVIOLA Elena, “Integration of News and News of Integration: A Structural Perspective on News Media Changes”, Journal of Media Business Studies, volume 6, 1, 2009, pp. 87-111

GARRETT, Kelly, R. “Echo chambers online?: Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users”, Journal of computer-mediated communication, 2009-01, Vol.14 (2), p.265-285

GARRETT, Kelly R., “Politically Motivated Reinforcement Seeking: Reframing the Selective Exposure Debate”, Journal of Communication, Vol. 59, Issue 4, December 2009, pp. 676–699

GAUDETTE Tiana et alii, « Upvoting extremism: Collective identity formation and the extreme right on Reddit », New media & society, 2020, p.146144482095812

GAUMONT, N. et alii,  « Reconstruction of the socio-semantic dynamics of political activist Twitter networks—Method and application to the 2017 French presidential election”. PLOS ONE,  13, 2018.

GAYTE A.,  « QAnon, anti-vaccin : ils traduisent les théories du complot américaines en français », numerama.com, 24/1/2021.

GEIGER A.W., « Key findings about the online news landscape in America », Pew Research Center, September 11, 2010

GIL DE ZUNINGA Homero et alii, “Effects of the news-finds-me perception in communication: social media use implications for news seeking and learning about politics”. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 22(3), 2017, pp. 105–123.

GIL DE ZUNINGA Homero  et alii,. “When citizens and journalists interact on Twitter: Expectations of journalists’ performance on social media and perceptions of media bias”. Journalism studies, v. 19, n. 2, 2018, pp. 227-246.

GIL DE ZUNINGA Homero and DIEHL Trevor, “News finds me perception and democracy: Effects on political knowledge, political interest, and voting”, New Media & Society, December 12, 2018

GIL DE ZUNINGA Homero et alii, “How do people learn about politics when inadvertently exposed to news? Incidental news paradoxical direct and indirect effects on political knowledge”, Computers in Human Behavior,  2021, 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106803

GIL DE ZUNINGA Homero  and CHENG Zicheng “Origin and evolution of the News Finds Me perception: Review of theory and effects”. Profesional de la información, v. 30, n. 3, 2021,

GILBERT E. et alii,  “Blogs Are Echo Chambers: Blogs Are Echo Chambers”, 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE, 2009

GILLEPSIE T.,  “The politics of ‘platforms”. New media & society, 12(3),  2010, pp. 347–364.

GIRY, Julien (dir.), Les théories du complot à l'heure du numérique, Quaderni, n. 94 Automne 2017

GIOMELAKIS, Dimitrios, and VEGLIS Andreas   “Employing Search Engine Optimization Techniques in Online News.” Studies in Media and Communication, 2015, 3 (1).

GOMEZ DOMINGUEZ, Pablo, L’audiovisual públic europeu i Youtube Les radiotelevisions públiques europees davant el repte de la distribució audiovisual a Youtube BBC, RAI, RTÉ, RTP, RTVE, CCMA, FT, SVT, Yle, RTBF, DR, VRT i ORF, Observatori de la Producció
Audiovisual (OPA), 2019.

GRAINGE Paul (ed.), Ephemeral Media: Transitory Screen Culture from Television to YouTube, Palgrave MacMillan, 2011

GRECE Christian et alii, The development of the European market for on-demand audiovisual services. Report of the European Audiovisual Observatory for the European Commission, European Commission, April 2015

GRECE, Christian, The presence of broadcasters on video sharing platforms Typology and qualitative analysis, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2016

GROSSETTI, Quentin et alii, « Community-Based Recommendations on Twitter: Avoiding the Filter Bubble », International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, WISE Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2019, 2020,  pp 212-227

GROSSI, Valentina, « L’autonomie journalistique face aux chiffres. L’interprétation des métriques dans deux entreprises de presse », Sociologie pratique, 2020/1 (N° 40), pages 25 à 37

GUESS Andrew M. and LYONS Benjamin A., “Misinformation, Disinformation, and Online Propaganda” in PERSILY, 2020.

HA, Louisa (Ed.), The Audience and Business of YouTube and Online Videos, Lexington Books, 2018

HAIM Mario et alii, “ Burst of the Filter Bubble?: Effects of personalization on the diversity of Google News, Digital Journalism,  6(3), March 2018, pp.:330-343

HANSON, G.L. et alii, « Differing uses of YouTube during the 2008 U.S. Presidential primary election », Electronic News, 5 (1), 2011, pp. 1-19,

 

HANUSCH, Folker, “Web analytics and the functional differentiation of journalism cultures: individual, organizational and platform-specific influences on newswork”,
Information, Communication & Society  Volume 20, 2017 - Issue 10, pp.1581-1586

HARRISON, Jackie, “User-generated Content and Gatekeeping at the BBC Hub”, Journalism studies, 2010-04-01, Vol.11 (2), p.243-256

HASSON, P. J.. The Manipulators: Facebook, Google, Twitter, and Big Tech’s War on Conservatives. Regnery Publishing, 2020

HEISS, R., “Does incidental exposure on social media equalize or reinforce participatory gaps? Evidence from a panel study”, New Media & Society, 21 (11–12), 2019, pp. 2463-248

HEFT, Annett et alii, “Beyond Breitbart: Comparing Right-Wing Digital News Infrastructures in Six Western Democracies”, Policy & Internet, 25 August 2019.

HERMIDA,  Alfred, . “Social journalism: Exploring how social media is shaping journalism”. In: Siapera, Eugenia; Veglis, Andreas (eds.). The handbook of global online journalism, chapter 17, 2012, pp. 309-328

HIASCHUTTER-RICE, Dan and WEEKS Brain, “Understanding Audience Engagement with Mainstream and Alternative News Posts on Facebook”, Digital Journalism , Volume 9, 2021 - Issue 5, pp. 519-548

HIMELBOIM I. et alii, “Birds of a feather tweet together: Integrating network and content analyses to examine cross-ideology exposure on twitter”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 18(2), 2013, pp. 154–174.

HÖLLIG Sascha und HASEBRINK Uwe, Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 – Ergebnisse für Deutschland. Verlag Hans-Bredow-Institut, Juni 2020

HONG S. and KIM S.H.,  “Political polarization on twitter: Implications for the use of social media in digital governments”. Government Information Quarterly, 33(4), 2016, pp.777–782.

HOSSEINMARDI, Homa et alii., « Evaluating the scale, growth, and origins of right-wing echo chambers on YouTube », Cornell University, 25 November 2020

HOSSEINMARDI, Homa et alii., « Examining the consumption of radical content on YouTube », PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, August 10, 2021.

HUSZAR Ferenc et alii, “Algorithmic Amplification of Politics on Twitter”, https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/blog-twitter/official/en_us/company/2021/rml/Algorithmic-Amplification-of-Politics-on-Twitter.pdf, October 2011

IANDOLI, Luca et alii, “The impact of group polarization on the quality of online debate in social media: A systematic literature review”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 170, September 2021, 120924

IPSOS GLOBAL ADVISOR, Trust in the Media, IPSOS, 2019.

IYENGAR Shanto and HAHN Kyu .S., “Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use”, Journal of communication, 2009-03, Vol.59 (1), p.19-39

JAMIESON, Kathleen Hall and CAPPELLA Joseph N., Echo Chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment, Oxford University Press, 2008.

 

JANSSON Jenny and UBA Katrin, Trade Unions on YouTube, Palgrave Macmilla, 2019.

JOHNSON Thomas J. et alii, “Blinded by the Spite? Path Model of Political Attitudes, Selectivity, and Social Media”, Atlantic Journal of Communication, 25 (2017), pp. 181-196

JOST François, Médias : sortir de la haine ?, CNRS, 2020

JOUX, Alexandre, « Stratégies de marques et stratégies éditoriales du Groupe Figaro. Du portail à l’écosystème intégré par le Data Management », Réseaux, 2017/5 (n° 205), pp. 117-143

KALOGEROPOULOS, Antonis and KLEIS NIELSEN, Rasmus, “Investing in Online Video News. A cross-national analysis of news organizations’ enterprising approach to digital media”, Journalism Studies , Volume 19, 2018 - Issue 15, pp.2107-2024

KALSNES Bente and LARSSON Anders Olof, “Understanding News Sharing Across Social Media. Detailing distribution on Facebook and Twitter”, Journalism Studies, Volume 19, 2018 - Issue 11, 2018

KAPLAN, Alex, “YouTube has allowed conspiracy theories about interference with voting machines to go viral”, Mediamatters.org, October 13, 2020

KESSLING Philipp et allii, “Partisan and News Content on YouTube during 2019 Federal State Elections in Germany”, Department of Information Hamburg, 2021

KEVIN Deirdre et alii, Television News Channel in Europe, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2013.

KEY, V.O. The Responsible Electorate: Rationality in Presidential Voting 1936–1960, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1966

KHARPAL, Ajun, « Google’s YouTube clamps down on ‘fake views’ », CNBC.com, February 5 2014

KIERTFIELD J. “How Mike Flynn Became America’s Angriest General”, politicomagazine.com, 16 October 2016;

 

KIM Cheonsoo and LEE Soobum, “Does social media type matter to politics? Investigating the difference in political participation depending on preferred social media sites”, Social Science Quarterly, August 2021

KIM Y. et alii, “Stumbling upon news on the internet: effects of incidental news exposure and relative entertainment use on political engagement”. Computers in Human Behavior 29, 2013, pp.:2607–2614.

KIRDEMIR, Baris et alii,  « Examining Video Recommendation Bias on YouTube », Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2021, Vol.1418, p.106-116

KLEIN, O. and MUIS J., “Online discontent: comparing Western European far-right groups on Facebook”. European Societies, 2019, s 21(4), pp. 540–562.

KLEPPE Matrtijn and OTTE Marco, « Analysing and understanding news consumption patterns by tracking online user behaviour with a multimodal research design », Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, Volume 32, Issue suppl_2, December 2017, pp. 158–170

KNOBEL, Marc, Cyberhaine : propagande et antisémitisme sur Internet, Hermann, 2021.

KOCH Olivier et MATTELART Tristan (dir.), Géopolitique des télévisions internationales d’information, Mare et Martin, 2016.

KOLTRAS Baptiste, Mesurer la parole en ligne : traces, dispositifs et régimes de l'opinion sur le web, Thèse de doctorat en sociologie, 2016.

KOLTRAS Baptiste, “Le tout plutôt que la partie. Big data et pluralité des mesures de l’opinion sur le web », Revue française de sociologie, 2018/3 (Vol. 59), pp. 451-474

KONITZER, Tobias et alii, “Comparing Estimates of News Consumption from Survey and Passively Collected Behavioral Data”, Public Opinion Quarterly, August 21, 2021

KORMELINK Tim Groot and COSTERA MEIJER Irene, “What clicks actually mean: Exploring digital news user practices”, Journalism, January 22, 2017

KREBS Isabelle et alii, “Non-journalistic competitors of news media brands on Google and YouTube: From solid competition to a liquid media market”, Journal of Media Business Studies, Vol. 18, 1,  2021, pp. 27-44.

KSIASEK, Thomas B. et alii, « User engagement with online news: Conceptualizing interactivity and exploring the relationship between online news videos and user comments », New media & society, 2016-03, Vol.18 (3), pp.502-520

KUMAR, Sangeet . 2019. “The Algorithmic Dance: YouTube’s Adpocalypse and the Gatekeeping of Cultural Content on Digital Platforms.” Internet Policy Review 8 (2), 2019, pp. 1–21.

KUMPEL, Anna Sophie et allii, « News Sharing in Social Media: A Review of Current Research on News Sharing Users, Content, and Networks », Social Media + Society,  July-December 2015: 1–14

KÜMPEL Anna Sophie, Nachrichtenrezeption auf Facebook. Vom beiläufigen Kontakt zur Auseinandersetzung, Springer, 2019.

LAMEIJER Layla, « Google Analytics Research: Inflated Website Metrics From Ashburn, VA », March 7, 2019.

LAMY Stéphaine, “Désinformation, cas d’école : la campagne StoptheSteal”, INER, 14 novembre 2020

LANGE André et alii, La vidéo à la demande et la télévision de rattrapage en Europe ; Une étude de l’Observatoire européen de l’audiovisuel et de la Direction du développement des médias (France), avec la collaboration de NPA Conseil, Observatoire européen de l’audiovisuel / Conseil de l’Europe, 2009.

LANGE André, “Le trumpisme numérique francophone », Ulenspiegel, Dossier « Etats-Unis », n°4, mars 2021.

https://www.academia.edu/53137268/_Le_trumpisme_numérique_francophone_

LANGE, Benjamin P. et alii, „Sprachniveau in Online- und TV-Nachrichten: Eine quantitative computergestützte Textanalyse der Online- und TV-Bericht-erstattung von ARD, ZDF, Sat.1 und RTL“, Studies in Communication Sciences, 20.2 (2020), pp. 135–158

LANGE Patricia, Thanks for Watching : an anthropological study of video sharing on YouTube, University Press of Colorado, 2019.

LAURENT Gery et alii, , “Automatic Exploitation of YouTube data: A Study of Video Published During  COVID-19 Quarantine in France”, in VÄRRI Alpo et alii, Integrated Citizen Centered Digital Health and Social Care: Citizens as Data Producers and Service co-Creators, IOS Press, 2020, pp. 112-115

LAWRENCE Eric et alii, « Self-Segregation or Deliberation? Blog Readership, Participation, and Polarization in American Politics », Perspectives on politics, 2010-03-09, Vol.8 (1), p.141-157

LE GALLOU, Jean-Yves, La tyrannie médiatique, Polémia, 2008

LECHELER Sophie and KRUKEMEIR Sanne, “Re-evaluating journalistic routines in a digital age: A review of research on the use of online sources”, New Media and Society, 21 August 2015

LEE Jae Kook et alii, “Social Media, Network Heterogeneity, and Opinion Polarization”, Journal of Communication,  64, 2014, pp. 702-722

LEE Jae Kook,  “Incidental exposure to news: predictors in the social media setting and effects on information gain online”, Computers in Human Behavior 75, 2017, pp. 1008–1015.

LEE Sangwon , Probing the Mechanisms Through Which Social Media Erodes Political Knowledge: The Role of the News-Finds-Me Perception, Mass Communication and Society Volume 23, Issue 6, 2020.

LEE Sangwon et alii, “Platform-dependent effects of incidental exposure to political news on political knowledge and political participation”, Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 127, February 2022, 107048

LEONOV, Timofey, « Blogs sur l’actualité en France : Particularités langagières et influences sur le lecteur », in La France et la Francophonie d’aujourd’hui, XVe colloque international d’étudiants et jeunes chercheurs, Université nationale de recherche, Moscou, 12 mars 2021

LEVENDUSKY Mathew S.,  “Why Do Partisan Media Polarize Viewers?”, American  Journal of Poitical. Science., 57, July 2013, pp. 611-623

LEVENEUR, Laurence, « La gestion de leur e-réputation par TF1 et France Télévisions. Nouvelles connexions, nouvelles stratégies communautaires » in La richesse des réseaux numériques: Actes du Colloque Médias 011, 2012,

LEVENEUR Laurence, « Le nouvel écosystème web développé par une chaîne de service public. Le cas de France 2 »., Les Enjeux de l’information et de la communication , 14 (2), 2013, pp.185-199.

LEVENEUR Laurence, « Entre mutations et résistances : les chaînes de télévision face aux agrégateurs de contenus. Le cas de la chaîne numérique MYTF1/XTra », Télévision CNRS Éditions, 2019, Vol.10 (1), p.89-108

LEVENEUR Laurence, « Commenter et inciter à commenter les publications vidéo des chaînes de télévision sur Facebook : les cas de TF1, France 2 et M6 » Communiquer 
Revue de communication sociale et publique, Numéro 27, 2019, « Audiovisuel et commentaires en ligne : nouveau champ, nouveaux paradigmes ? »

LEWIS, Rebecca and STANFILL Mel, “’This Is What the News Won’t Show You’: YouTube Creators and the Reactionary Politics of Micro-celebrity”, Television & new media, 2020-02, Vol.21 (2), p.201-217

LEWIS Seth and MOLYNEUX Logan, “A Decade of Research on Social Media and Journalism: Assumptions, Blind Spots, and a Way Forward”, Media and Communication;, Vol. 6, N° 4,  2018, pp. 11-23

LI H.O.Y. Li, et alii, “YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19: A pandemic of misinformation?”, BMJ global health, 5 (5), 2020, Article e002604, 

LI, Miaomiao and WANG Lichen, « A Survey on Personalized News Recommendation Technology”, IEEE access, 2019, Vol.7, p.145861-145879

LIN, Weihsuan, “A China without the Chinese Communist Party: The Geopolitics of the Falun Gong”, Geopolitics, 4 July 2020.

LOKOT Tetyana and DIAKOPOULOS, Nicholas, “News Bots. Automating news and information dissemination on Twitter”, Digital Journalism, Volume 4, Issue 6, 2016.

 

LOPEZOSA Carlos et alii, « Making Video News Visible: Identifying the Optimization Strategies of the Cybermedia on YouTube Using Web Metrics », Journalism practice, 2020-04-20, Vol.14 (4), p.465-482

LOVINK Geert and NIEDERER Sabine (eds.), Video Vortex Reader: Responses To You Tube, Institute of Network Culture, 2008

LOWENSTEIN-BARKAI, Hila and LEV-ON, Azi, “News videos consumption in an age of new media: a comparison between adolescents and adults”, Journal of children and media, 20 April 2021

LUNARDI, Gabriel Machado, “Representing the Filter Bubble: Towards a Model to Diversification in News” in  Guizzardi G., Gailly F., Suzana Pitangueira Maciel R. (eds) Advances in Conceptual Modeling. ER 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11787, Springer, 2019.

LUTTREL, R (ed.)Trump Tweets, the World Reacts: Understanding What Is Relevant and Why; Lanham, Lexington Books, 2018

MacGREGOR, Phil, “Tracking the Online Audience: Metric Data Start a Subtle Revolution.”, Journalism Studies, 2007, 8 (2), pp. 280–298

MALCORPS, Sylvain,  « L’entreprise de presse et son audience en ligne. La construction des webmetrics comme données stratégiques dans le secteur des médias belges », Réseaux,  2017/5 (n° 205), pp. 145-173

MARCIEL, Miriam, CUEVAS, Rubén, BANCHS, Albert, GONZALEZ, Roberto, TRAVERSO, Stefano, AHMED Mohamed, AZCORRA, Arturo, “Understanding the Detection of View Fraud in Video Content Portals”, WWW '16: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web, April 2016 Pages 357–368

MARCOUX, Thomas, “Analyzing Cyber Influence Campaigns on YouTube Using YouTubeTracker” in CAKIIRTAS Mehmet et alii. (eds.) Big Data and Social Media Analytics. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer, 2021

MARKMANN, Simon and GRIMME Christian, “Is YouTube Still a Radicalizer? An Exploratory Study on Autoplay and Recommendation”, Multidisciplinary International Symposium on Disinformation in Open Online Media, 2021, pp. 50-65.

MARWICK, Alice and LEWIS Rebecca, Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online, Data and Society, Research Institute, 2017.

MEDAGLIA, Rony and ZHU Demi, “Paradoxes of Deliberative Interactions on Government-Managed Social Media”, Proceedings of the 17th International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Research, ACM Press, New York, New York, USA (2016), pp. 435-444

MEDAGLIA, Rony and ZHU Demi, “Public deliberation on government-managed social media: A study on Weibousers in China”, Government Information Quarterly,  34 (2017), pp. 533-544

MEDIALAB SCIENCE PO, ‘Gazouilloirefait par le médialab un logiciel serveur pour faire tourner des collectes massives de données Twitter au long cours’, medialabsciencepo.fr, consulté le 26 octobre 2021

MEDIAMETRIE, « La place croissante des réseaux sociaux dans l'accès à l'information, » mediametrie.fr, 29 novembre 2016.

MENCHEN-TREVINO, Ericka and KARR Chris,  “Researching Real-World Web Use with Roxy: Collecting Observational Web Data with Informed Consent.”, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 9 (3), 2012, pp.254–268

MERCIER Arnaud, PIGNARD-CHEYNEL Nathalie (dir.), #info. Commenter et partager l’actualité sur Twitter et Facebook‪,  Éditions. de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, 2018,

MERCIER Arnaud et AMIGO Laura, « Tweets injurieux et haineux contre les journalistes et les  ‘merdias’ »,  Mots. Les langages du politique 2021/1 (n° 125), pp 73-91

MESSING Solomon and WESTWOOD Sean J., “Selective Exposure in the Age of Social Media: Endorsements Trump Partisan Source Affiliation When Selecting News Online”, Communication Research, 41, 2014, pp. 1042-1063

MILIKEN, M.C. et alii, « User-generated online video and the Atlantic Canadian public sphere: A YouTube study”. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, Montreal, May 22 2008.

MISLOVE Alan et alii, Understanding the Demographics of Twitter Users, Conference: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, July 17-21, 2011, 2011

MOE, Hallvard and LARSSON, Anders Olof, “Untangling a Complex Media System : A comparative study of Twitter-linking practices during three Scandinavian election campaigns », Information, communication & society, 2013-06-01, Vol.16 (5), p.775-794

MOLYNEUX, Logan, “What journalists retweet: Opinion, humor, and brand development on Twitter”, Journalism, 16/7, 2015, pp.920-935.

MUNGER Kevin and PHILLIPS Joseph, « Right-Wing YouTube: A Supply and Demand Perspective », The International Journal of Press/Politics, October 21, 2020.

MUNSON, S.A. and RRESNICK P., “Presenting diverse political opinions: How and how much” in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 2010, pp. 1457–1466).

MYLLYLATHI, Merja, “An attention economy trap? An empirical investigation into four news companies’ Facebook traffic and social media revenue”, Journal of Media Business Studies, Volume 15, 2018, pp.237-253.

NAPOLI, Philip M., Social Media and the Public Interest. Media Regulation and the Public Interest, New York, Columbia University Press, 2019.

NEGROPONTE Nicholas, Being Digital. New York,  Vintage Books, 1995.

NEWMAN Nick et alii, Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2021, 10th Edition, Reuters Institute for the Study of  Journalism, 2021

NGUYEN TT, Hui  et alii, “Exploring the filter bubble: the effect of using recommender systems on content diversity”. In Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on World wide web. ACM; 2014. p. 677–686.

NYE Joseph S. Jr., Soft power: the Means to Success in World Politics, Public Affairs, 2004.

O’CALLAGHAN D. et alii, “Down the (white) rabbit hole: The extreme right and online 8 recommender systems”. Social Science Computer Review, 33(4), 2015, pp. 459–478.

O’HARA Kieron  and STEVENS David, “Echo chambers and online radicalism: Assessing the Internet's complicity in violent extremism”, Policy & Internet. 2015 Dec.7(4), pp. 401-22.

OEHME Hannes, « L'application "tagesschau". La concurrence entre la presse électronique et la télévision publique allemande : limites juridiques et décisions politiques », Les enjeux de l’information et de la communication,  2013/2 (n° 14/2), pages 201 à 214

ORTTUNG Robert W. and NELSON Elizabeth, “Russia Today’s strategy and effectiveness on YouTube”, Post-Soviet Affairs , Volume 35, 2019 - Issue 2, pp.77-92, 2019

OTT, Brian L. “The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement”,
Critical Studies in Media Communication Volume 34, 2017 - Issue 1, pp.59-68.

OTTONI Raphael et alii, “Analyzing Right-wing YouTube Channels: Hate, Violence and Discrimination”, arxiv, Cornell University, 11 April 2018.

OOGHE-TABANOU B. et alii, “Gazouilloire, a command-line tool for long term collections of tweets”. Zenodo, 2021

OUYANG, Yu, WATERMAN Richard W. Trump, Twitter, and the American Democracy: Political Communication in the Digital Age, Springer Nature, 2020

PARISER, Eli, The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You, Penguin Press, 2011

PARK S.J., et alii, “Comparing Twitter and YouTube networks in information diffusion: The case of the “Occupy Wall Street” movement”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 95, 2015, pp. 208-217.

 

PARK Sora et alii,  “Global Mistrust in News: The Impact of Social Media on Trust”, International Journal on Media Management, Volume 22, Issue 2? 2020

PARMEKE, J.H., and BICHARD S.L., Politics and the Twitter revolution: How tweets influence the relationship between political leaders and the public. Lexington Books, 2011

PASQUIER, Dominique (dir.), Cultures juvéniles à l'ère numérique, Réseaux, 2020/4

PATEL, Sahil, “Facebook Reaches Proposed Settlement in Video Measurement Lawsuit”, Wall Street Journal, October 7, 2019.

PAULUSSEN, Steve and HARDER Raymond A., “Social Media References in Newspapers: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube as sources in newspaper journalism”, Journalism practice, 2014-09-03, Vol.8 (5), p.542-551

PEER Limor, and KSIAZEK, Thomas B., ”Youtube and the challenge to journalism.: New standards for news videos online”, Journalism studies, 2011-02-01, Vol.12 (1), p.45-63

PEGUIGNOT Julien (dir.), Audiovisuel et commentaires en ligne : nouveau champ, nouveaux paradigmes ?, Communiquer, Revue de communication sociale et publique, n.27, 2019

PELTIER, Marie, L'ère du complotisme : la maladie d'une société fracturée, Les Petits Matins, 2016, 2ème édition, 2021.

PERSILY Nathaniel and TUCKER Jioshua A. (eds), Social Media and Democracy. The State of the Field, Prospects for Reform, Cambridge University Press, 2020.

PETUTSCHNIG, Andreas et alii, « Evaluating the Representativeness of Socio-Demographic Variables over Time for Geo-Social Media Data », ISPRS Internal Journal of. Geo-Information, 2021, 10(5), 323; May 2021

 

PIQUARD Alexandre et LELOUP Damien, « Comment l’algorithme de Facebook échappe au contrôle de ses créateurs », LeMonde.fr, 26 octobre 2021.

POEL Thomas, “Three Challenges for Media Studies in the Age of Platforms, Television and New Media”, July, 26, 2020.

 

POTIER Frédéric, La matrice de la haine, Editions de l’Observatoire / Fondation Jean Jaurès, 2020

PRIOR, Markus, “The Immensely Inflated News Audience: Assessing Bias in Self-Reported News Exposure”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 73, Issue 1, Spring 2009, Pages 130–143

RATINEAU

REICHSTADT Rudy, L'opium des imbéciles, Grasset et Fasquelle, 2019.

RENOUST Benjamin et alii., « Visual Analytics of Political Networks From Face-Tracking of News Video”,  IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2016, 18 (11), pp.2184 - 2195.

 

RIBEIRO M.H. et alii, “Auditing radicalization pathways on YouTube”. In Proceedings of FAT*, 2020, pp. 131–141.

RIDOUT, R.T., « La négativité dans les campagnes électorales aux États-Unis », Questions de communication, 2020/2, pp.32-52.

RISKOS Kyriakos et alii, “The influence of entertainment, utility and pass time on consumer brand engagement for news media brands: a mediation model”, Journal of Media Business Studies,  15 February 2021.

ROMEYER Hélène et FOX Stéphanie (dir.), Crises sanitaires : enjeux sociétaux et organisationnels, Communiquer, 32, 2021.

ROODHOUSE, Elizabeth Ann, « The voice from the base(ment): Stridency, referential structure, and partisan conformity in the political blogosphere », First Monday, 2009 August 28

ROTH Camille, “Algorithmic Distortion of Informational Landscapes”. Intellectica. 2019, 70(1), pp. 97–118.

ROTH Camille et alii, « Tubes and bubbles topological confinement of YouTube recommendations », Plos One, 21 April 2020.

RYOO, Yosuha et alii, “Political YouTube Channel Reputation (PYCR): Development and validation of a multidimensional scale”, Telematics and informatics, 2021-08, Vol.61, p.101606

RONE Julia, « Far right alternative news media as ‘indignation mobilization mechanisms’: how the far right opposed the Global Compact for Migration », Information, communication & society, 2020, p.1-18

SALAVERRIA, Ramón, “Digital journalism: 25 years of research. Review article”. El profesional de la información, v. 28, n. 1, 2019.

SANKHAR DUTTA, Hridoy, CHAKRABORTY, Tamnoy, JOBANPUTRA,  Mayank, « Detecting and analyzing collusive entities on YouTube”, Cornell University, 2020.

SCHAFER Joseph A.  “Spinning the web of hate: Web-based hate propagation by extremist organizations.” Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 2002, 9, 68-98

SCHMIDT A.L. et alii, «Anatomy of news consumption on facebook», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 114, no 12, 2017, pp. 3035–3039

SCHWEMMER, Carsten, « The Limited Influence of Right-Wing Movements on Social Media User Engagement », Social Media + Society, September 7 2021.

SHIRKY C., “The political power of social media: Technology, the public sphere, and political change”, Foreign Affairs, 90(1), pp. 28–41

SCRIVENS, Ryan, “Measuring the Evolution of Radical Right-Wing Posting Behaviors Online”, Deviant Behavior, Volume 41, 2020 - Issue 2, pp.216-232.

SEGUR Philippe et PERIE-FREY Sarah (dir.), Internet et la démocratie numérique, Presses de l’Université de Perpignan, 2016.

SEMAAN Bryan C. et al., « Social media supporting political deliberation across multiple public spheres: Towards Depolarization », Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing - CSCW, ACM Press, 2014, pp. 1409-1421,

SEHL, Annika et alii, Public Service News and Social Media, Reuters Institute for Journalism / Oxford University Press, 2018

SHANG L. « Towards reliable online clickbait video detection: A content-agnostic approach », Knowledge-Based Systems, 182 (2019)

SHAPIRO Robert Y., “Hearing the Opposition: It Starts at the Top”, Critical Review, 25:2, 2013, pp. 226-244,

SHEARER Elisa and MATSA Katerina Eva, ”News Use Across Social Media Platforms in 2018”, Pew Research Center, September 10, 2018.

SHEARER Elisa and MITCHELL Amy, ”News Use Across Social Media Platforms in 2020”, Pew Research Center, January 12 2021

SHEVTSHOV Alex et alii, “Analysis of Twitter and YouTube during USelections 2020”, arxiv.org; Cornell University, 10 November 2020.

ŠIMUNIAK N.  and CALIANDRO A. , “Twiplomacy in the age of Donald Trump: Is the diplomatic code changing?”, Information Society, Volume 35, 2019 - Issue 1, pp.13-25

SINGER P.W. S and BROOKING E.T. LikeWar: The Weaponization of Social Media, New York, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.2018

SIRE Guillaume, Les moteurs de recherche, La Découverte, 2016

SLATER Michael D.,  « Reinforcing Spirals: The Mutual Influence of Media Selectivity and Media Effects and Their Impact on Individual Behavior and Social Identity », Communication theory, 2007-08, Vol.17 (3), p.281-303

SONG, M. Y.-J., & GRUZD, A.  “Examining sentiments and popularity of pro-and antivaccination videos on YouTube”. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media and Society, 2017

SPANGLER, Todd, “Facebook Admits to Overstating Average Video-Viewing Metrics”, Variety, September 23 2016.

SPANGLER, Todd, « Facebook to Pay $40 Million to Settle Claims It Inflated Video Viewing Data », Variety, October 7, 2019.

SPREJER Laila et alii, « An influencer-based approach to understanding radical right viral tweets », Cornell University, 15 September 2021.

STANYER, J., “Web 2.0 and the transformation of News and Journalism: New possibilities and challenges in the Internet Age”.  In A. Chadwick and P. N. Howard (eds.), The Handbook of Internet Politics, Routledge, 2008, pp. 201-214.

STENGER Thomas et COUTANT Alexandre (dir.), Ces réseaux numériques dits sociaux, Hermès, 2011/1

STEPHAN, Gaël, « Diriger l’hostilité de la communauté frontiste en ligne. L’exemple de la campagne #LeVraiFillon », Questions de communication, 2021/1 (n° 38), pp. 125-144

STERRETT, David, “Who Shared It?: Deciding What News to Trust on Social Media”, Digital Journalism,  Volume 7,  - Issue 6, 2019.

STOCKING Gasten et alii, « Many Americans Get News on YouTube, Where News Organizations and Independent Producers Thrive Side by Side », Pew Research Center, September 28,2020.

STROUD Nathalie Jomini, « Polarization and Partisan Selective Exposure », Journal of Communication, 60 (2010), pp. 556-576.

SUNSTEIN, C. R., Republic.com, Princeton University Press, 2001.

SUPPORT GOOGLE, “YouTube analytics basics”, Support Google, https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9002587 , consulté le 30 septembre 2021

TABER C.S. and LODGE M., “Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs”, American Journal of Political Science, 50 (3), 2006, pp. 755-769

TANDOC Edson C and MAITRA Julian, “News organizations’ use of Native Videos on Facebook: Tweaking the journalistic field one algorithm change at a time”, New Media & Society, April 19, 2017

THE WEB CONFERENCE 2021, The 1st International Workshop on News Recommendation and Intelligence, 14 April 2021.

THORSON, Emily, Changing Patterns of News Consumption and Participation: News recommendation engines”, Information, communication & society, 2008-06-01, Vol.11 (4), p.473-489

THORSON, Kjerstin and WELLS Chris, “Curated Flows: A Framework for Mapping Media Exposure in the Digital Age”, Communication Theory, 26 (3), 2016, pp. 309-328

VALENTINO N.A. et alii. “Election night's alright for fighting: The role of emotions in political participation”, The Journal of Politics, 73 (1) 2011, pp. 156-170

VALERIANI A. and VACCARI C.,  “Accidental exposure to politics on social media as online participation equalizer in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom”. New Media & Society 18, 2016, pp 1857–1874.

VARA-MIGUEL, Alfonso, Cross-National Similarities and Differences between Legacy and Digital-Born News Media Audiences, Media and Communication, Vol. 8, n.2. 2020.

 

VARSHNEY, Deepika and VISHVAKA, Dinesh Kumar, « ArtiMarker: A Novel Artificially Inflated Video Marking And Characterization Method on YouTube », 2021 5th International Conference on Computer, Communication and Signal Processing (ICCCSP), IEEE, 2021 Xplore, 2021.

VASQUEZ-HERRERO, Jorge, “Ephemeral Journalism: News Distribution Through Instagram Stories”, Social Media + Society, November 26, 2019.

VASQUEZ-HERRERO, Jorge et al., “Let’s dance the news! How the news media are adapting to the logic of TikTok”, Journalism, October 30, 2020.

VICTORIA-MAS, Maria et alii, « Assessing the consumer-based brand equity of news media firms: a new validated scale », Journal of Media Business Studies, volume 15, 3, 2018, pp. 214-235.

VIET, Jean-Baptiste et MAXIMUS Max, Marketing Vidéo. Communiquer comme un pro sur YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, Editions Eyrolles, 2019.

VON DER WETH, Christian et alii, « Helping Users Tackle Algorithmic Threats on Social Media: A Multimedia Research Agenda », Association for Computing Machinery. 2020

YUXAN Li, MARTINEZ Oscar, XING Chen, YI Li, HUPCROFT John E., “In a World That Counts: Clustering and Detecting Fake Social Engagement at Scale”, WWW '16: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web, April 2016 Pages 111–120

WARNER Benjamin R, “Segmenting the Electorate: The Effects of Exposure to Political Extremism Online”, Communicaation Studies, 61 (2010), pp. 430-444

WATSON James, “Most trusted sources of general news and information worldwide from 2011 to 2020”, Statista, Feb. 26, 2021

WATTS, Duncan J. et allii, “Measuring the news and its impact on democracy”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,

WILSON Jason, « Video platform chief says Nazi posts on white superiority do not merit removal », The Guardian, 14 May 2021.

WOJCIESZAK Magdalena E.,  “‘Don't talk to me’: effects of ideologically homogeneous online groups and politically dissimilar offline ties on extremism”, New Media & Society, 12 (2010), pp. 637-655

WU, Chuhan et alii, “Personalized News Recommendation: A Survey”, Cornell University, 8 July 2021

ZADROSNY Brandy, “‘Carol’s Journey’: What Facebook knew about how it radicalized users », nbcnwes.com, Oct. 2, 2021

 

ZAMITH Rodrigo, « Quantified Audiences in News Production A synthesis and research agenda”, Digital Journalism, vol.6, Issue 4, 2018, pp.418-435

ZHANG Yini et alii, « Attention and amplification in the hybrid media system: The composition and activity of Donald Trump’s Twitter following during the 2016 presidential election », New Media & Society, 4 December 2017.

 

ZHOU Yayu et alii, “Not all clicks are equal: detecting engagement with digital content”, Journal of Media Business Studies, 9 June 2021.

ZIMMERMANN, Daniel et alii, « Influencers on YouTube: a quantitative study on young people’s use and perception of videos about political and societal topics », Current Psychology, 18 November 2020.